![]() Generally there is a good reason why a repair costs what it does. It is considered rude to ask, “Is the shop trying to fleece/rip me off?” You wouldn’t ask “Why are all cops pigs?” on /r/AskLeo, ask about Creationism on /r/AskScience, or talk about vaccines causing autism on /r/AskDocs. However, please observe rule #1 when asking for a second opinion. You may ask a second opinion on a quote/repair from a shop. If you have insurance/total loss questions please ask in r/insurance. Questions related to dings, dents, accidents, paint and so forth DO NOT belong here, please post in /r/Autobody r/AutoBodyRepair/ or /r/Diyautobody/ Take the car to an auto body repair shop who can give you a qualified estimate.Īsking for an estimate in r/autobody is against there rules. r/MechanicAdvice is a sub for mechanical questions. Please do not name the shops specifically (unless part of a chain) This is not a review forum for specific shops.Ħ) Body Work. Sharing personal information, or specifics on /r/MechanicAdvice is not allowed. This isnt a place to post your youtube channel, advertisements, memes, shitposts or businessĥ) Personal Information. Linking for the purposes of promotion (eg offers/coupons/self blog posts/youtube/advertisements/how to) is strictly prohibited and will result in a permanent ban. We allow links, pictures, video, or audio file to help diagnose your problem. Linking to outside content is not allowed, unless it's germane to the discussion. The only exception is for posting updates, provided it is properly marked as an or similar.Ĥ) Spam/Self-Promotion/Improper Linking/advertisements. Do not post asking questions of your own in someone else's post If you didn't get an answer the first time, or you don't like the answer you got that does not mean you post it again. Those who continually cause issue will be removedģ) Only one vehicle/problem/incident per thread, and only post once. Those who demonstrate they cannot follow the rules will be warned and posts removed. Golden Rule: If you have nothing nice to say, don't say anything at all. Dont assume a shop is trying to "rip you off." It's okay to ask for a second opinion. We're here to help so being rude won't help. Please report bad advice to the mod team.Ģ) Keep discussion friendly, civil, courteous, and professional. If we feel a piece of advice is particularly reckless, dangerous, or extremely unhelpful it maybe removed If a post or comment is provided that is not a response to a question, the post may be removed. ![]() No intentionally bad, harmful, or deceptive advice. Memes, youtube videos and other non questions are not allowed Title, salvage, body work, paint work, etc questions also dont belong here. Showing off w/out a question goes in r/justrolledintotheshop legal/insurance questions go in r/legaladvice or r/insurance. If it's got wheels, treads, floats, flies, or has an engine you're good to go and we'll do our best to help. This is a subreddit for asking Mechanical questions pertaining to vehicles, engines, etc. ![]() Questions of this nature will be removed RULES Please Take a Moment To Read The Rules Before Postingġ) Advice Format. BELONG in r/Autobody or /r/Diyautobody/ Do not ask for an estimate there as it is against the subs rules. If that isn't available, provide all you know and explain why.Īll bodywork, accident damage, paint, dent/ding questions. If possible posts must include the make/model/year in the title or body of the post. PART TRADING: If you have parts you would like to trade please do so at r/partIt Join the /r/MechanicAdvice IRC for instant conversations with other users on libera.chat irc network.
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A Checkered Game Of Chess Is Impressiveīefore you go for this idea, you should know that it’s the one of most challenging to achieve, but not impossible. Start from the edges of the lawn, and go in intersecting lines that get tighter as you get closer to the center. A warm look can be achieved using lines that intersect smoothly to create an endless figure 8 shape.įor bolder homeowners, you can use this technique to draw attention to the center of your lawn. If you prefer a bold and modern design, go for sharp angles, creating defined boxes as the lines intersect. The choice depends on the rest of your landscape design. The lines can be curvy, bending at a smooth angle, or edgier with sharp angles. The result is a set of intersecting spiral lines that cross each other to make your lawn look more unique. Once you reach it, turn the lawnmower in the other direction, and go in the same spiral pattern. Using the same roller, start from one side of the lawn and go in a zigzag or spiral pattern until you reach the other end. Not a big fan of simple straight lines? No problem! Using the same technique, you can create a more complicated design that requires a bit of innovation. The game of light and shade will add to your lawn’s aesthetic and complement the other landscaping designs to create a healthy-looking lawn that will definitely impress your guests. By bending the grass, the taller grass won’t block the sunlight from the shorter grass, so it can grow better. This simple pattern will elevate the look of your lawn with little maintenance, as it helps prevent an uneven lawn or empty spots. The result is an illusion of light and dark grass that creates an appealing pattern, regardless of your lawn’s size. The process is pretty simple, as you just have to go in straight lines until you reach the end of the lawn, then rotate your mower and work in adjacent lines in the opposite direction. You can start from north to south or east to west, depending on your preferences. All you need is a simple add-on roller for your mower or garden tractor to create a striped pattern. The more often your lawn is mown the better it will look a thicker, lush lawn with better roots and less weeds.įor more information, contact your local branch today – Find your local GreenThumb branch.Image credit:, , įor those intimated first-timers, nothing is better than straight and simple stripes.
![]() If you'd rather solve an online printable crossword puzzle, try one of the 80s Movies crossword or a DC or Marvel crossword. You'll want to grab your pencil and paper, and get yourself a great pair of thinking glasses and writing tools ready to take on the challenge. Whether you want to practice your spelling or complete difficult puzzles, free printable crosswords can be an excellent way to get both. Many newspapers provide these puzzles, and many are time-sensitive. Usa Today Printable Crossword Freepsychiclovereadings In Usa Today Where Can I Get Free Crosswords?įree printable crossword puzzles offer an excellent way to get a daily dose of brain teasers. ![]() Usa Today Crossword Printable Version Printable Crossword Puzzles Free Printable USA Today Crossword Puzzles A subscription to the Washington Post's crossword is worth the cost. In actuality, the website has over 1,000 crosswords available at no cost. The AARP website also has daily crossword expert game. You can use an alarm clock to help remain on track. The Washington Post has a crossword archive you can print and play on paper or with digital versions. And, then, you can enjoy solving crosswords on any device. Some even offer games for players to play with their friends. A lot of puzzle websites have large database of crosswords to choose from. The majority of puzzles require the identification of words from a word bank, finding clues and connecting words. Puzzles with crosswords are fun to solve and will test your logical and vocabulary abilities. Where Can I Find Online Free Crossword Puzzles? Select A4 paper as the print preview will let you modify the size prior to print. Choose this option and select the size of the paper. If you're using an online platform, you'll want to select the print option above the grid. ![]() This will bring up the print image preview for the piece.Īfter making a decision about whether you want to print either an interactive version or a printed copy in the traditional way, then you'll have find out how to print the crossword puzzle. ![]() In the beginning, open Adobe Reader and choose File> Print Preview. Utilizing your browser to print a crossword puzzle is the easiest way to go but there are some steps to take before beginning. No matter if you're using a desktop printer or laptop, there are a few things you should know. You might be thinking about how to print an answer to a crossword. See the app's settings for more details and customer service contact information.What Is The Best Way To Print An Answer To A Crossword? Subscriptions are charged to your Google Play account at confirmation of purchase and automatically renew, unless turned off in your Google Play account settings at least 24 hours before the end of the current period. In-app purchases are available for subscriptions. The USA TODAY Crossword app is free to download and play. Get more than a decade’s worth of crossword puzzles. Monitor stats, play ad-free, pause puzzles, enable night mode, and more. Play USA TODAY’s iconic daily crossword on-the-go for free. When you are ready to take your game to the next level, activate subscriber-only benefits, including unlimited puzzles, tracking your stats, hints, accessing our archives, and playing ad-free. Wake up to a new crossword puzzle every day for free. ![]() I WANT TO SPEND FOREVER MAKING MEMORIES OF US. ![]() MEMORIES ARE SPECIAL MOMENTS THAT TELL OUR STORY.A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS, BUT A MEMORY IS PRICELESS.THAT PERSON BECOMES A SWEET MEMORY TO BE TREASURED FOR A LIFETIME. ![]() IT ALL HAPPENS AND ONLY THEN YOU REALIZE HOW IMPORTANT THAT PERSON IS FOR YOU. NO ONE EVER KNOWS WHEN A PERSON YOU MEET OCCASIONALLY SUDDENLY BECOMES A PART OF YOUR LIFE WHOM YOU REMEMBER EACH AND EVERY MOMENT.LIFE YOUR LIFE SO WHEN YOU’RE DYING, YOU ARE SMILING, EVEN IF EVERYONE ELSE IS CRYING.A GOOD LIFE IS A COLLECTION OF HAPPY MEMORIES.I WANT TO GO BACK TO OUR FIRST CONVERSATION.BEHIND US ARE MEMORIES, BESIDE US ARE FRIENDS, BEFORE US ARE DREAMS.I MISS OUR CONVERSATIONS, I MISS HOW WE USED TO TALK EVERY MINUTE OF EVERY DAY AND HOW I WAS ABLE TO TELL YOU EVERYTHING THAT WAS ON MY MIND.MILLIONS OF MEMORIES, THOUSAND OF JOKES, HUNDREDS OF SECRETS, ONE REASON….BEST FRIENDS.CHILDHOOD FRIENDSHIP IS THE MOST BEAUTIFUL MEMORY THAT CAN’T EVER BE REPLACED.TREASURE THE TEARS, TREASURE THE LAUGHTER, BUT MOST IMPORTANTLY, TREASURE THE MEMORIES. FRIENDS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF YOUR LIFE.NEVER FORGET THE MEMORIES THAT ONCE MADE YOU SMILE.I STILL REMEBER THE FIRST DAY I MET YOU.WE DIDN’T REALIZE WE ARE MAKING MEMORIES WE JUST KNEW WE WERE HAVING FUN.MEMORIES ARE LIKE APPLES, A SINGLE BAD ONE CAN TURN THE WHOLE BUNCH BAD.LIFE IS ONLY AS GOOD AS THE MEMORIES WE MAKE.ONLY THEY’RE GONE FASTER THAN THE SMELL AFTER IT RAINS.WHEN ALL IS LOST, THERE IS STILL A MEMORY.WHEN SOMEONE YOU LOVE BECOMES A MEMORY, THAT MEMORY BECOMES A TREASURE.I KNEW THAT LOOKING BACK ON THE TEARS WOULD MAKE ME LAUGH BUT I NEVER KNEW THAT LOOKING BACK ON THE LAUGHS WOULD BRING TEARS.ONE DAY, YOU’LL JUST BE A MEMORY FOR SOME PEOPLE.SOMETIMES MEMORIES SNEAK OUT OF MY EYE AND ROLL DOWN MY CHEEKS.PEOPLE SAY THAT BAD MEMORIES CAUSE THE MOST PAIN, BUT ACTUALLY IT’S THE GOOD ONE THAT DRIVE YOU INSANE.HAPPINESS IS.WRITING A BOOK OF MEMORIES.EVERY MOMENT COMES ON WHEN I HEAR THAT OLD SONG THAT WE USED TO SING WITH THE WORDS ALL WRONG.A MOMENT LASTS ALL OF A SECOND, BUT THE MEMORY LIVES ON FOREVER.YOU AND I HAVE MEMORIES LONGER THAN THE ROAD THAT STRECHES OUT AHEAD.WE DO NOT REMEMBER DAYS WE REMEMBER MOMENTS. ![]()
We are delaying the scheduled June 19th deprecation date. Last year we announced our plan to retire Site Streams & User Streams, and replace them with the Account Activity API (currently in beta). More specifics on timing to come." Additionally, Twitter says it offers a guide for developers to migrate to the new API. "We will provide at least 90 days notice of deprecation date from when the Account Activity API becomes generally available to all developers. "As always, we're committed to providing ample time to migrate," the company's developer account explained in a series of tweets. ![]() Update 4/6/18 4:00PM ET: This afternoon, Twitter announced it has delayed the scheduled June 19th date for switching to the new Account Activity API. But unlike streaming, automatic refreshing will work. This feature will refresh your timeline every 2 minutes. But, since Thursday night, Tweetbot, Twitterrific, Echofon for Twitter and other popular third-party applications for Twitter are no longer working. We've reached out to Twitter and will update this post when we hear back. Twitterrific will be trying to combat this change by introducing automatic refreshing. Tweetie, another (now discontinued) Twitter client, was the first mobile app to use the pull-to-refresh gesture. ![]() While Twitter hasn't always taken to supporting third-party apps like these, it could be that the company has plans to give them useful access to the API in the near future. The developers say that they need to deliver notifications to "hundreds of thousands of customers." Even if they had been, say the devs, push notifications are limited to 35 Twitter accounts at the standard level, and there's no pricing given for Enterprise-level service. The new Account Activity API is currently in beta, but developers haven't been given access. Timeline updates use that stream directly on your mobile or desktop apps. Burko sk, Common jewish girl twitter, Automatic refresh data excel 2003. Push notifications, they say, is done on their own servers, which generate the messages you see on your devices. Saptharisheeswarar, Oreilly auto parts ad, Serpiente con tacon lorca youtube. The third-party devs say that when their apps open a connection to Twitter, currently, they get a continuous stream of updates. The folks who created the apps mentioned above have created a new website to explain that, as a result, push notifications will no longer work and timelines won't refresh automatically. Nissan says this refreshed Sentra will hit dealers this summer, but updated pricing isn’t available quite yet.If you use a third-party Twitter app like Tweetbot, Twitterrific, Talon or Tweetings, you might lose a couple of key features when Twitter replaces developer access to User and Site streams with a new Account Activity API this coming June. The SR adds heated front seats as standard equipment. Inside the Sentra, Nissan sweetens the deal for the SV Premium grade with a 360-degree camera, eight-speaker Bose audio system and turn signal-equipped mirrors. A new Atlantic Gray paint option joins the stable, too. Inside, the Sentra SR gains red-orange stitching all around for a sportier vibe. Changes include a dark-finish V-Motion grille, dark chrome lower bumper features, body-color trim strip below the grille, red SR badges front and rear and a new rear lower fascia graphic to visually widen the rear end. ![]() The SR that you see in the photos here is treated to a stronger refresh than other models to bring it in line with what we’ve already seen on the Altima SR. The SV grade adds new 16-inch wheels, too. Every trim gets a re-styled front fascia with new headlights. The biggest design change is seen up front. Its 2.0-liter naturally aspirated four-cylinder is carryover with 149 horsepower and 146 pound-feet of torque. Nissan says the Sentra is more fuel efficient as a result of this transmission, but hasn’t provided EPA figures for comparison just yet. The Sentra utilized a CVT before, but this one is updated to provide a smoother shifting pattern and support an idle start/stop system. While most of the changes are superficial, there is one big mechanical update in that Nissan says it’s rocking a new Xtronic continuously variable transmission. The 2024 Nissan Sentra just debuted a light-touch mid-cycle refresh that spruces up its design and tech inside and out. ![]() Into a timeshare presentation, not help you.Īir-conditioned van and be transported in comfort IMPORTANT: Don't talk to anyone elseĪt the airport - they will only try to hook you Show you to your vehicle and assist you with yourīags. Waiting for you with a sign with your name or theĬompany logo on it. Green button and exit customs, you'll see our driver To clear immigration, pick up your bags at baggageĬlaim, and exit customs. My only suggestions for improvements would be queen instead of double beds(we stayed in the premier wing) and possibly beach waiter service,but this would be nit-picking as we loved every moment of our stay and will certainly return next year(we travel a fair amount and this is the only resort we have ever chosen to return to).Transportation service includes an English speakingĭriver and meet-and-greet service. The water was a little rough in areas,but there were several lifeguard protected areas where you could wade,swim and feel safe. The beach was large with endless white sand. Sure the buffet does not have the lobster or tenderloin that I have eaten at some other resorts,but there is a great variety of good food and not a night went by when I could not find something that I thoroughly enjoyed.One night after too much sun I was feeling a little nauseated by supper time and my wonderful waiter spoke with his supervisor who immediately brought me the yogurt that I was craving,but that was not served at supper.Everyone at this resort went out of their way to make sure we had a great time.Special thanks to Roberto,Jesus and Hector who mixed us wonderful drinks and without who our holiday would not have been the same. Love the 3 headed showers.I cannot stress enough how pristine this resort is!Staff clean and smile while they do it! Just returned from this resort and again was totally impressed!From check in to checkout we were surrounded by hardworking and friendly staff who could not do enough to make our stay wonderful.As return guests we had requested a specific room-not an issue-provided!We had arrived later in the evening but were offered seats at one of the restaurants that should have been booked earlier in the day-nice touch!were greeted warmly by many of the staff we had met during our previous visit. we did not even use the table.They were just trying to scam us !!! Be Very Aware ![]() He informs my husband that he owes $150 for breaking a table. We get into our Airport shuttle and about to leave when the Bell boy comes out and says the Mgr wants to talk to us. We are givin a slip and told everything is good. we had a few hrs to kill and had to re check out before leaving. I was very concerned that the Security and Life Guards spoke 0 English. They leave the seaweed to rot and dryout on the shore instead of raking it up. The sand on the beach is plentifull and nice HOWEVER there is a Seaweed problem and they do not do much to clean it up so you can not walk along the shore or go into the water. Our waitress was Gisell and she worked very hard each and every day, she always had a smile and made a point to acknowlge you where ever you were on the propery. The pool area was fun and entertaining however it ended at 5 pm and there was NOTHING to do after this, there is no shows at night and nothing else to do. I had a Sandwich which came with 6 fries and the Salad had 3 pieces of lettuce. There is 24hr room service and this needs improvement. During the day you can get Pizza, Hamburgers and hotdogs near the pool area and these were ok. no vegetables, there was one option for meat, how ever they did have a Great desert selection. I have never seen so little food offered at a Buffet, the salad bar had lettuce. ![]() The tub was plugged, there was NO hot water, the water stopped completly one day. The hotel is very dated ,but the rooms are big and clean. Two-thirds of US consumers expect to increase their shared-mobility usage over the next two years. Today shared mobility (that is, app-based transportation network companies comprising car sharing, ridesharing, and micro-mobility) accounts for 1 to 2 percent of passenger miles traveled in the United States. For 2025, the estimated share of new-car sales ranges from 5 to 9 percent for battery electric vehicles (BEV) and from 5 to 8 percent for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles for the United States. By 2021, more than 50 percent of the announced models will have 圎V, or electrified, powertrains. The percentage of consumers ready to switch to a car brand with better connectivity (and value-adding connectivity services) remains high, at around 40 percent. Today approximately 12 percent of new cars sold are equipped with embedded connectivity, generating revenues of $1.5 billion globally. ![]() Recently, for example, the increase of vehicle miles traveled between disengagements has risen from 5,000 to 12,000 miles for two leading autonomous-vehicle players. Even though business models for autonomous people-and-goods transport are still under development, measurable progress is being made. In 2025, 60 percent of the top 20 OEMs plan to have a level 4 autonomous vehicle in their offering, though the applications may be constrained to certain geographical areas or use cases. Today about 1 percent of vehicles sold are equipped with partial autonomous driving. For instance, McKinsey’s Center for Future Mobility predicts that over the next decade, vehicles will increasingly have the following characteristics: ![]() The automotive sector is experiencing unprecedented disruption through changing technologies, business models, competitors, and buying behaviors. Unprecedented disruption in the automotive-supplier sector The findings may be of interest more broadly, as this industry bears many similarities to the larger automotive and mobility ecosystem and to most industries being disrupted. This report shares the findings from our study, focusing on best practices for talent management in the automotive-supply industry. The effort involved a committee of senior executives from 22 automotive suppliers that shaped the effort, provided deep insights, and pressure-tested the findings. The companies surveyed were headquartered in the United States or were the US division of companies headquartered outside of the United States, but the responses have global implications. To better understand how this unprecedented change will affect automotive companies and their approach to talent, we partnered with the Original Equipment Suppliers Association (OESA), a trade association of automotive suppliers, to survey and interview 60 automotive companies across a range of business sizes and technology areas. These challenges will be particularly stark for automotive companies, OEMs, and suppliers, and how they respond to these challenges will play a large role in determining the winners and losers in the coming decade. ![]() While this challenge is not a new one for senior leaders, it has become more critical than ever, due to the technology, business-model, and consumer-preference disruptions affecting the automotive industry. Talent management-attracting, developing, and retaining leadership, managerial, and technical talent-has become the ultimate priority for CEOs and their executive teams. ![]() A native of the Carolinas, she studied journalism at the University of South Carolina and has also worked in Phoenix.The Ramsey Show/YouTube. 00:00 00:00 An unknown error has occurred.Mary Ramsey is a service journalism reporter with The Charlotte Observer. northfield new hampshire 510 E Ramsey Rd, San Antonio, TX - MapQuest Food Shopping Coffee Grocery Gas Find Best Western Hotels & Resorts nearby Sponsored Go 510 E Ramsey Rd 510 E Ramsey Rd San Antonio TX 78216-4639 Share More Directions Advertisement See a problem? Let us know Advertisement Help Ramsey Prong Road and Greenbrier Road, past the Greenbrier Picnic Area, have been temporarily closed to all motorists and pedestrians since Jan. GATLINBURG - Great Smoky Mountains National Park officials announced that as of May 8, Ramsey Cascades Trail and Ramsey Prong Road will be open Friday through Sunday each week, and on federal. Near Ramsey Park, a four-bedroom, almost 3,000-square-foot home in. Basically we’re riding Ramsey Road from the golf course all the way up to the Coeur d'Alene-Hayden line at Prairie Avenue.View details, map and photos of this single family property with 4 bedrooms and 3 total baths. Our food is all handmade when you order.Sold - 2138 Ramsey Rd, Monroeville, PA - $281,203. big outdoor stage for bands of all kinds. our backyard is eclectic & has a relaxing atmosphere. we changed from a Texas Winery to a full bar in 2014. Known as your East Texas cheers with a fun backyard & porch ! Established in 2014. Greek VacationSpecialties: We have handmade hamburgers, great wings cold cold beer with a full bar.GATLINBURG - Great Smoky Mountains National Park officials announced that as of May 8, Ramsey Cascades Trail and Ramsey Prong Road will be open Friday through Sunday each week, and Gordon Ramsay’s American Road Trip.25malx stevens point homes for sale 3 hours ago About This Home THIS MOVE IN READY 4 BEDROOMS, 2 1/2 BATHS BOASTS MANY UPDATES!In that same general area but east of Ramsey is a three-bedroom, almost 1,800-square-foot home in a 55+ community now priced just under $600,000 (after a $50,000 price cut in early June). ![]() This allows our team to double check stock before sending the customer an invoice for the payment.Ramsey road 77, Ramsey Road, St Ives, Cambridgeshire PE27 3TF 3 bed, Detached £315,000 Freehold No other historical records 4 155, Ramsey Road, St Ives, Cambridgeshire PE27 3TZ 3 bed, Terraced No other historical records 13 51a, Ramsey Road, St Ives, Cambridgeshire PE27 3TD 2 bed, Terraced No other historical records 72138 Ramsey Rd, Monroeville, PA 15146 $302,844 Redfin Estimate 3 Beds 1.5 Baths 1,848 Sq Ft Off Market This home last sold on Aug 2, 2022. You can use the invoice option which allows our customers the opportunity to make a pending online order without paying a dime. If you make it to the checkout section, we have included the invoice option in addition to the card payment option. Our response rate is pretty fast, you can even catch us on weekends, even if its not urgent. We ship our pool tables with reliable logistics companies and pride ourselves in our great customer service. We’re in the business of making people happy by throwing in as much extras as we can where possible! So when you shop at DMA Online, you will be provided a high quality service as we go above the mile to make you happy! If you missed the main headline above, we confirm that we provide free shipping to metro areas! There sure are many people in Australia shooting a game of pool! We have been in the pool table business for over 15 years and this year our pool tables and other cool products sold out fast! Don’t worry we have new stock! Click here to see our shop sorted in order by our most highly sought pool tables for sale and other products. The cycled cathode (red) still shows the presence of the binder as well as residue from the electrolyte at the surface. This could be important during the first use of the cathode, if the binder residue is mobile in the electrolyte or reacts to begin the formation of a surface layer that impedes ion transport. The ‘‘single crystal’’ layered LiNixMn圜o1xyO2oxides (SC NMCs)are promising positive electrode (cathode) materials for advancedLi-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density and long cycle lifethat is strongly demanded for successful commercialization. LMR-NMC cathodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. In the pristine sample (green), the binder is evident as a significant amount of residue on the surface. Semantic Scholar extracted view of Sodium substitution for partial lithium to significantly. The survey spectra (left figure) show peaks for the cathode materials (Li, Ni, Mn, Co, O) and the binder medium (F and oxygen-containing polymers) that holds the materials together. A Non-Aqueous Sodium Hexafluorophosphate-Based Electrolyte Degradation. XPS spectra of NMC electrodes extracted from NMC/LTO cells after the first chargedischarge cycle between 1.45 and 3.05 V at C/20 with a 60 h potentiostatic hold at 3.05 V for NMC111 and 811. Because lithium is highly sensitive to air and moisture, the electrode materials were loaded into the K-Alpha Vacuum Transfer Module (VTM) in a glove box for transport to the XPS system. The NMC cathode materials (including NMC111 or NMC811. To study these critical battery materials and interfaces X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a widely used technique that provides quantitative chemical. One sample was taken from a pristine, unused cell, while the other was from a cell that had been through several charge/discharge cycles and was in a charged state when the cell was disassembled. Accurate identification of chemical phases associated with the electrode and solidelectrolyte interphase (SEI) is critical for understanding and controlling interfacial degradation mechanisms in lithium-containing battery systems. In this experiment, two NMC cathode samples were profiled on the Thermo Scientific K-Alpha XPS system. Recently, using soft XAS and XPS, Lin and coworkers reported Mn dissolution and deposition on the anode surface for sodium ion cathode materials (Figure. ![]() However, the binder for the NMC is likely to be PVDF, and for the graphite, carboxymethyl cellulose-styrene-butadiene rubber (CMC-SBR). The precise composition of the electrodes with respect to the carbon additives and the binder is unknown. Cathode materials like lithium, nickel, manganese, cobalt (NMC), and oxygen change in stoichiometry depending on whether the cell is charged or discharged. In this work, we have investigated NMC-622 cathodes and graphite anodes from an automotive cell. ![]() OK, so how did we get a principle out of this? The unsurprising answer is good ‘ole Uncle Bob Martin 1, who describes the principle in a paper he wrote, that references Liskov’s work. In the paper, they state that if we use an object y in place of an object x, but y does not have all the same properties of x, then y is not a subtype of x. Liskov and Jeannette Wing did author a paper that attempts to define subtypes in a way that relates to program correctness. ![]() To figure that out, it’s useful to see where this principle was developed and, as it happens, it was not developed or coinedīy Barbara Liskov, for whom the principle is named. To understand this, we need to know what “correctness of the program” means. This principle states that “Objects in a program should be replaceable with instances of their subtypes without altering the correctness of the program”. Which, as it turns out, is not design advice at all. Now, let’s talk about the Liskov Substitution Principle, Principle, and in the second, I recommended ignoring the Open/Closed Principle, since it isĬonfusing and most reasonable interpretations give bad advice. The first post outlined the problems I see with the Single Responsibility Liskov Substitution Principle is…Not a Design Principle (SOLID is not solid)Īs mentioned in the original post, I’m realizing that the SOLID principles are not as…solidĪs it would seem. |
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